IAP's Solar-Powered Unmanned Surface Vehicle Actively Passes through the Center of typhoon Sinlaku(2020)     

Hongbin CHEN  Jun LI  Wenying HE  Shuqing MA  Yingzhi WEI  Jidong PAN  Yu ZHAO  Xuefen ZHANG  Shuzhen HU 《大气科学进展》2021,38(4):538-545

The solar-powered marine unmanned surface vehicle(USV) developed by the USV team of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics is a rugged, long-duration, and autonomous navigation vessel designed for the collection of longrange, continuous, real-time, meteorological and oceanographic measurements, especially under extreme sea conditions(sea state 6–7). These solar-powered USVs completed a long-term continuous navigation observation test over 26 days.During this time, they coordinated double-USV observations and actively navigated into the path of Typhoon Sinlaku(2020) before collecting data very close to its center during the 2020 USV South China Sea Typhoon Observation Experiment. Detailed high temporal resolution(1 min) real-time observations collected by the USV on the typhoon were used for operational typhoon forecasting and warning for the first time. As a mobile meteorological and oceanographic observation station capable of reliable, automated deployment, data collection, and transmission, such solar-powered USVs can replace traditional observation platforms to provide valuable real-time data for research, forecasting, and early warnings for potential marine meteorological disasters.  相似文献   

Homogenization of the Daily Land Surface Temperature over the Mainland of China from 1960 through 2017     

Dan WANG  Aihui WANG  Xianghui KONG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(11):1811-1822

Land surface temperature(LST) is one of the most important factors in the land-atmosphere interaction process. Raw measured LSTs may contain biases due to instrument replacement, changes in recording procedures, and other non-climatic factors. This study attempts to reduce the above biases in raw daily measurements and achieves a homogenized daily LST dataset over China using 2360 stations from 1960 through 2017. The high-quality land surface air temperature(LSAT)dataset is used to correct the LST warming biases especially evident during cold months in regions north of 40°N due to the replacement of observation instruments around 2004. Subsequently, the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization(MASH) method is adopted to detect and then adjust the daily observed LST records. In total, 3.68 × 103 effective breakpoints in 1.65 × 106 monthly records(about 20%) are detected. A large number of these effective breakpoints are located over large parts of the Sichuan Basin and southern China. After the MASH procedure, LSTs at more than 80% of the breakpoints are adjusted within +/– 0.5°C, and of the remaining breakpoints, only 10% are adjusted over 1.5°C.Compared to the raw LST dataset over the whole domain, the homogenization significantly reduces the mean LST magnitude and its interannual variability as well as its linear trend at most stations. Finally, we perform preliminary analysis upon the homogenized LST and find that the annual mean LST averaged across China shows a significant warming trend [0.22°C(10 yr)–1]. The homogenized LST dataset can be further adapted for a variety of applications(e.g.,model evaluation and extreme event characterization).  相似文献   

基于旋翼无人机的大气边界层环境气象垂直观测及订正方法的研究     

徐家平  赵天良  陈燕  白永清  孙晓芸  王淞  曹畅 《气象与环境学报》2022,38(3):101-111

基于旋翼无人机开展大气边界层观测可为气象要素和大气污染物垂直结构的研究提供具有高时空解析能力的新方法,有助于深入理解低层大气物理化学变化机制。本文详述了旋翼无人机在开展大气边界层环境气象垂直观测实验的应用及优势。基于自主研发的旋翼无人机环境气象观测平台,通过开展传感器在无人机上不同的搭载位置,以及旋翼无人机与探空气球、高塔的对比观测实验,明确了旋翼无人机对气象环境观测的影响及合理的搭载方式。研究进一步在湖北重污染天气条件下开展了0—1000 m的大气边界层垂直观测,并研发了基于旋翼无人机姿态数据的大气边界层气象要素及污染物垂直观测的订正方法。结果表明:实验获取了2—10 m垂直分辨率的高质量大气廓线数据,可精细捕捉大气边界层及其逆温层高度和污染物浓度等要素的垂直变化特征。本文旨在为无人机观测的科研应用提供一种技术可行且数据可靠的观测手段。  相似文献   

超大城市综合气象观测试验之测风激光雷达数据评估     

张志坚  张静  伍光胜  高瑞泉 《热带气象学报》2022,38(2):253-264

为评估用于超大城市综合气象观测试验的测风激光雷达,从最大有效探测高度和数据获取率两方面对测风激光雷达的探测能力进行分析,同时使用测风激光雷达与深圳气象梯度观测塔的测风资料从不同观测高度、不同观测值等方面进行对比分析,结果表明:测风激光雷达与深圳气象梯度观测塔的风速、风向一致性较好,相关系数分别为0.96、0.99,平均绝对误差分别为0.54 m/s、9.95 °,且不同高度层的测风结果也较为一致,但雨天和雾天条件对测风激光雷达的最大有效探测高度和数据获取率影响较大,设备探测能力受到一定的限制。   相似文献   

基于遥感空间信息的洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

曾子悦  许继军  王永强 《水科学进展》1990,31(3):463-472

对地观测卫星遥感能够提供广泛可靠的空间信息，是洪水风险识别与动态模拟的重要支撑技术之一。为阐明卫星遥感技术对洪水研究的推动作用，回顾了洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究的发展历程及技术需求，以对地观测卫星遥感三大阶段的发展轨迹为主线，分析了遥感空间信息在洪水研究中的历史性贡献和阶段性效用，讨论总结了危险分区法、水文模型和微波遥感监测等3种洪水研究典型方法的应用进展。提出未来洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究的重点：遥感空间信息与模型算法的深度结合，遥感反演算法与系统的开发及应用，典型洪水研究方法集成系统的开发与应用，大数据方法与手段的应用。以期为提升洪水应急响应能力与灾害风险管理水平提供有效参考。  相似文献   

柯坪6.5级地震的部分前兆异常及预报     

王玉珍  杨德宏 《内陆地震》1991,5(4):362-367

1991年2月25日柯坪6.5级地震前,震中附近地区的土层地应力、金属摆倾斜仪等多项前兆观测出现异常变化,说明强震发生前近场灵敏度较低的简陋仪器也能观测到明显的前兆反应。分析、认识这些异常对地震短临预报的决策是有益的。  相似文献   

统计模拟在经纬仪测风资料误差分析中的应用     

陈志鹏  张蕾 《南京气象学院学报》1991,14(3):340-345

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油田井间CT技术应用试验     

刘庆芳  闫锐 《CT理论与应用研究》1994,3(4):28-33

本文记述了在扶余油田采用井间电磁波和声波ＣＴ方法进行的试验。阐述了试验的意义、理论基础、计算方法、实施方案及成果几方面。试验结果表明电磁波的工作频率应降低到至少几百ＫＨｚ以下才能适于油田应用。１００ｍ井间距的声波成像获得了成功，两个油层均有清晰显示。最后，对技术的发展提出了建议。  相似文献   

诱发地震中的非双力偶震源   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨清源  陈献程 《地震地磁观测与研究》1994,15(1):1-5

在诱发地震的研究中，用小孔径地震台网在近场观测，其震源机制的Ｐ波初动除Ⅲ象限分布的双力偶外，还有不是Ⅲ象限分布的非双力偶震源机制。双力偶震源机制是剪切破裂机制。非双力偶震源机制为向内源炸型和张破裂机制，以及在适当方向上两个以上双力偶迭加的结果。  相似文献   

强震现场流动无线遥测地震台网观测系统的研制     

张孟申  李建国 《地震地磁观测与研究》1994,15(4):39-42

描述了强震现场流动无线遥测地震台网观测系统的技术设计，系统构成，工作原理及应用。  相似文献